Color television system



Oct. 27, 1953 Filed May 20, 1950 FIG.

W. T. WINTRINGHAM COLOR TELEVISION SYSTEM 8 Sheets-Sheet l //v l EN TOR I44 7i WIN TR/NGHAM BY S ML? ATTORNEY Oct. 27,v 1953, w. T. WINTRINGHAM 2 7, 6

COLOR TELEVISION SYSTEM.

Filed may '20, 1950 s Sheets-Sheet 2 Y 8 w Q Q; w s

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Ase/3N3. 3/1/JV73U INVENTOR M27: W/NTR/NGHAM ATTORNEY 1953 w. T. WINTRINGHAM COLOR TELEVISION SYSTEM- 8 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed May 20, 1950 m EK //v l ENTOR Pg); WIN TR/NGHAM A T TORNEY Oct. 27, 1953 w. n WINTRINGHAM 2,657,256.

7 COLOR TELEvIsImg SYSTEM Filed May 20, 1950 s Sheets-Sheet 4 ATTORNEY Oct. 27, 1953 w. T.' WINTRINGHAM 7,

COLOR TELEVISION SYSTEM Filed May 20, 1950 8 Sheets-Sheet 5 FIG. 5

INVENTOR y W 7. W/NTR/NGHAM A TTORNEV Oct. 27, 1953 w. 1-. WIHTRINGHAM COLOR TELEVISION SYSTEM 8 Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed May 20, 1950 R8 N 5.3% N

Q Rub EWEvQk QOQQU e QMQQY k bu RUN NWW BY 1 I 4/141 ATTORNEY Oct. 27, 1953 w. 1'. 'WINTRPNGHAM COLOR TELEVISION SYSTEM 8 Sheets-Sheet 7 Filed May 20, 1950 mm at an NW HUD RUMQMW KUU KUWQMW INVENTOR w z m/v TR/NGHAM I M;

ATTORNEY Oct 27, 1953 w. T; WINTRINGHAM 'COLOR muavxsxon SYSTEM 8 Sheets-Sheet 8 Filed May 20, 1950 INVENTOR By W 7: W/NTR/NGHAM A T TORNE V Patented Oct. 27, 1953 .signor to Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application May 20, 1950, Serial No. 163,273

3 Claims. 1

This invention relates to television systems and more particularly to color television systems.

The present invention finds application both with color television transmission systems which are of the so-called simultaneous type where each of the three component color images are simultaneously analyzed and transmitted, and additionally it can. be modified in a manner to be described for use with the so-called seduential type where there is a cyclic change between the three components of the color images transmitted.

It is an object of this invention to improve the reproduction of color images in such television systems and more particularly to increase the Brilliance and fidelity of such reproduction by an approximation at the receiver of the spectral energy distribution of the'obj eat-scene.

For proper understanding of .the full scope of the present invention, resort is first necessary to a few principles of colorimetry; It has long been known that a normal observer can duplicate the cheat of any color stimulus by mixing the light from three primary stimuli in the proper proportions. Ihe numbers representing the amount of each of the primary stimuli needed to color-match the unknown color are known as the tristimulus values. However, in practice, no ternary set of real primaries can be found that will match all colors without employing negative' amounts of at least one of the primaries. Therefore, if negative tristimulus values are to be avoided, the primaries to be used must be chosen outside the realm of real colors. The 1 0. I. primaries X, Y, and Z which have been adopted by the International Commission on Illiimination (I. C. I.) have this characteristic. All the spectrum colors are thereafter defined iii terms of three tristimulus values or distribution coefficients X, y and 2, each of which is a measure of the amount of the corresponding I. C. I. primary X, Y or Z required to color-match a unit quantity of radiant energy thereof. The evaluation of the quality of color or chromaticity is accomplished-by defining three new quantities,

x, y, and z derived from the tristimulus values and termed trichromatic coefficients r coordinates, in a manner that their sum is always unity. This latter characteristic permits the convenient representation of chromaticities on a two-dimen'sional diagram which. is called a chromaticity or 66161 diagram. A chromaticity diagram has the important property that if the chromaticity of hvo distinct colors be plotted, the resultant child! or any additive mixt re trier-ear, will always 2 lie on a line connecting the two chromaticities. This also leads to the further property'that ifthe chromaticities of three colors are plotted on a' chromaticity diagram, any color whose chromaticity falls within the color triangle having for its vertices the three points plotted, can be formed by additive mixtures of the three colors. Moreover, it is a further characteristic that a: color which is defined in terms of tristimulus values corresponding to one ternary set of pnmaries can be redefined, by means of a linear transformation, by new tristimulus values corresponding toother ternary sets of primaries. For a more complete discussion of colorimetric principles, reference is made to A. C. Hardy's Hand book of Calorimetry (1936) The Technology Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

If color television is to be considered a mediumfor color matching, instead of an entertainment medium, there is little questionof the inadequacy of a three color system. Colorimetric considerations indicate that it is impossibleto obtain three real primaries which can be combined in additive amounts to reproduce all colors of the visible spectrum. Moreover, considerations of this same kind emphasize the importance of an approximation to a spectral energy match as well as a color match if the observer differences areto be minimized, since a perfect physical match is impossible except by spectral energy reproduction.

However, it is impossible to reproduce distributions of spectral energy which are continuous in wavelength by any system or method known at present. Even division of the range of feasible, wavelengths into bands sufiiciently narrow that the eye cannot distinguish between any possible distribution within each band requires several. hundred such bands. A color television system which requires several hundred channels for transmission is not feasible.

In my related application Serial No. 163,272,

filed May 20, 1950, there are described systems for color matching by means of a plurality of selected primaries. In my related application Serial No. 163,271, filed May 20, 1950, there are described systems for increasing the brilliance of whites andnear Whites at the receiver. The present invention provides improvements thereover by utilization of an approximation of the spectral energy of the object scene at the receiver in addition to a color match.

To this end, the present invention employs a plurality of fundamental primaries which are highly saturated and these are combined in predetermined arrangements to provide series of less 1- saturated composite primaries. Thereafter colors of the object scene are matched by combinations which include these composite primaries whenever possible.

Accordingly, in a receiver in accordance with the present invention, there are utilized a plurality of light sources which serve as the fundamental primaries. Predetermined combinations of these light sources are arranged to serve as the composite primaries. For any specific color match, a particular ternary combination of fundamental and composite primaries which favors an additive match is used. In a preferred embodiment, the choice of white as a primary is made because, in addition to insuring the high brilliance of whites and near whites, it facilitates the unique selection of the most suitable ternary combination of primaries.

If the chromaticities of the available primaries at the television receiver are plotted on a chromaticity diagram, the three thereof for the optimum match are those nearest the color to be matched and whose chromaticities are vertices of a triangle including the chromaticity of that color.

For the practice of the present invention, there is also provided an electrical system which can determine in which of a given set of color triangles a particular color falls. Further means are provided for utilizing this selection to energize the associated light sources at the receiver.

This system can be used, in a direct fashion for multi-color television, by the use of a ternary set of color pick-ups associated with each color triangle available at the receiver, but this is not feasible since a separate transmission channel would be required for the control of each primary color.

Therefore, it is another feature of the present invention that although the receiver utilizes more than three color primaries in reproducing the color images of the object scene, only three-color video signals need be transmitted to the receiver so that three channels are sufiicient in the camera pick-up. The necessary expansion is made possible by use of color coordinate transformers by means whereof the transmitted ternary set of color signals is transformed into a plurality of ternary sets of colorimetrically equivalent color signals. Selecting means make the necessary discrimination therebetween to obtain the highest fidelity match.

In a color television system in accordance with the invention, the aforementioned objects and features are realized and the principles described utilized by a system in which: a receiver unit receives the transmitted television signals and separates out the ternary sets of color components therefrom; a plurality of color coordinate transformers transform the single set of ternary signals into a plurality of ternary sets of colorimetrically equivalent color signals corresponding to color triangles formed by fundamental and composite primaries; electrical circuits thereafter automatically select therefrom the unique set for the optimum color match; and light sources associated with the selected set produce the desired color match.

The invention will be more fully understood by reference to the following more detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings forming a part thereof in which:

Fig. 1 shows an illustrative circuit arrangement for color coordinate transformation which is a feature of the present invention;

- uated by a linear process.

4 Fig. 2 is a curve showing the radiance distribution of a standard illuminant, which will be useful in explaining a feature of the invention. Fig. 3 is a chromaticity diagram which will be useful in describing the invention.

Figs. 4 and 5 show partly diagrammatically and partly in block schematic form illustrative selecting arrangements for use in the practice of the invention;

Figs. 6A and 6B show, in block diagram skeletonized form, a multicolor receiver in accordance with the invention;

Fig. 7 shows an illustrative arrangement for converting sequential color signals to simultaneous ones which arrangement can be used to adopt the invention for use with sequential color signals; and

Fig. 8 shows diagrammatically an illustrative arrangement for adding outputs and which is useful in the practice of the invention.

Fig. 1 shows diagrammatically an illustrative embodiment of an electrical arrangement for color coordinate transformation which can be used in the practice of the invention. As is well known in color work, when the three amplitudes of a ternary set of primaries matching a color are known, the three amplitudes of any other ternary set ofprimaries for a color match can be eval- If IR, Is, and IT are a measure of the amounts of primaries R, S and T needed to match a color C1 and A, B, and C are three other primaries with which it is sought to catch the color 01, then the currents IA, In, and 10 to control these three primaries, respectively, are related to the values IR, Is, and IT by the linear equations:

The constants a, 8, and 'y depend only on the colors of the new primaries A, B, and C, and are invariable once such primaries have been selected. An illustrative arrangement for performing this transformation of a color from the (R) (S), and (T) system to the (A), (B), and (C) system by electrical means is shown in Fig. 1. Each of the signals IR, Is, IT, supply three potentiometers which are adjusted in accordance with the a, c, and 'y coefficients of the linear Equations 1, 2 and 3. For example, the current IR supplies the three potentiometers H, I4, and l! which are adjusted to the coefiicients cm, as, and as of Equations 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Similarly, the currents Is and Ir supply poten tiometers l2, l5, l8 and l3, [6, 19, respectively, adjusted to corresponding ,6 and 'y coefiicients. The voltages aAIR, fiAIs and 'YAI'I, which are the three components of Equation 1, are supplied to the grids of three pentodes VI, V2, and V3, which are operated as conventional single-stage amplifiers. Addition of the three components in accordance with Equation 1 is effected through the use of a common load resistor R1. A for the three amplifier tubes VI, V2 and V3 to produce the current IA. Similar sets of three amplifier tubes V4, V5 and V6, and V1, V8 and V9 operating into common load resistor RLB and RLC, respectively, are used in accordance with Equations 2 and 3 to produce the currents IB and I0. The arrangement above described is intended as an illustrative embodiment of the principle of color coordinate transformation. Other arrangements are similarly feasible for the transformation.

accuse The curve of Fig. 2 shows the relative radiance distribution of atypical standard illuminant, the I. C. I. Illuminant B. If the sum of the radiances of all the sources of a receiver approximated this curve, then this sum would appear white to an observer. In the construction of a preferred embodiment in accordance with the invention, it will be useful to start with such a white distribution and to carve it up to obtain desirable distributions for each of the fundamental primaries to be used. For the purposes of illustration, it has been assumed that the band can be divided rectilinearly as shown. In practice, the carving would be done with rounded characteristics of such shape that the sum at every wavelength equalled unity since the fundamental primaries should duplicate the radiance distributions carved from this total. Thereafter, fundamentale of such characteristics are obtained, in a manner known in the art, by phosphors filtered appropriately so that the distribution is made to vary with wavelength to approximate that desired. In an illustrative embodiment of a receiver, which will be described hereinafter, ten such fundamental primaries, corresponding to the ten carvings I through In shown here, are used. The number of carvings, and hence the number of light sources to be used, is determined by the compromise made between fidelity and complexity.

Fig. 3 is a chromaticity diagram. A chromaticity diagram has the useful property that if the chromaticity coordinates of three primaries be plotted thereon, any color whose coordinates lie within the triangle having for its vertices the three points plotted can be formed by an addi ti've mixture of the three primaries, and also that any color whose coordinates are not so contained, cannot be'so formed thereby, since it is impossible to provide physically a negative amount of light.

The chromaticities of each of the bands numbered from I to It in Fig. 2, representative of the ten fundamental primaries at the receiver, have been plotted and are numbered correspondingly. The chromaticity of the sum of all these funda mental primaries has also been plotted and is designated as w. This is identical to the chromaticity of Illuminant B which is a satisfactory white. v

For highly saturated colors, it is possible to produce a radiance distribution by addition of two of the fundamental primaries and the white which will be like enough to that of the original color that good color matches result. For colors of intermediate saturation, however, the" best radiance distribution possible by such a mixture will be that of white with spikes corresponding to the fundamentals mixed therewith, which will be different from the usual distributions of such unsaturated colors. It therefore becomes neces sary to obtain further sets of less saturated pri maries. The simplest way to obtain such primaries is by combining the fundamental prima ries in any way that might seem desirable to provide composite primaries of low saturation. The chromaticities of one such set of composite primaries are plotted as a to is, inclusive in Fig. 3.

These mixed primaries, in this illustrative case, are obtained as follows: primary it represents the combination of one part of primary 1, 0.8 part of primaries 2 and in, 0.6 part of primaries 3 and 9, 0.4 part of primaries 4 and 8, and 0.2 part of primaries 5 and 1. Each of the other composite primaries is obtained in a corresponding manner by mixing different amounts of'fundarnentals.

Colors can be matched now byadd-i-tive mixtures of any set of three primariess'elected from those numbered from I to If), lettered from a tale, and w. To insure the optimum match, the three primaries should be chosen on the basis thattheir chromaticities should be nearest to and form a color triangle including the chroma-ticity or the color tobe matched. It can beseen that a large number of triangles can be associated with each primary. It would seem that some compromise with this general rule desirable inthe interest of circuit simplicity.

One possible compromise is shown in the diagram of Fig. 3. In this case, each primary, both mixed and fundamental, is associated perma nently with a limited number of specific. trlan gles. The white primary w isused in combina tion with adjacent pairs of mixed primaries. Each of the fundamental primaries I through H) is grouped individually with one adjacent pair of mixed primaries, and adjacent pairs of fund-a mentals are combined with one mixed primary. In this way, every part of the figure whose vertices are the 10 fundamental primaries is asso* ciated exclusively with one of the plurality of triangles formed, whose vertices are the chromaticities of ternary sets of combinations of mixed and fundamental primaries.

v For each triangle formed there is associated therewith, a color coordinate transformer of the kind hereinabove described. Each transformer converts the transmitted single ternary set of color signals into a colorimetrically equivalent ternary set of signals in terms of amounts of the associated primaries.

It is apparent that other color triangles can be formed in many other ways. The primary in can be included in triangles formed with primaries both composite and fundamental. This however produces overlapping of triangles and necessitates special discriminating circuits to choose between several sets of possible selections for the optimummatch.

In the case where the chromaticity coordinates of the color G1, which is being transmitted, are within the triangle w-ze-b, the three outputs from the color transformer associated therewith will all be positive since an additive match ispossible. Moreover in each set of outputs associated with other transformers, at least one signal will be negative since a negative amount is necessary for a color match. The important fact here is that all three signals are positive only at the output of the color transformer corresponding to the triangle w ar-b within which the color 01 lies, and at least one signal is negative for each other triangle. This fact is utilized to select electrically the set for the optimum match.

Assume that the color C2 having coordinates which fall within the triangle I- Z -a and outside all the triangles having w as a vertex is to be reproduced. Here the outputs of the corresponding transformer l- 2a. will all be positive whereas at least one of the outputs for all the other transformers will be negative.

Still with reference to Fig. 3, suppose the color C3 having coordinates which fall outside all the triangles corresponding to the sets of primaries available at the receiver is to be produced. Then at least one signal in all of the color transformers is negative since an additive match is impossible. In this special case, the electrical mechanism should be such that the two primaries I and 2 are turned on to produce the color C2 correspond ing to zero amplitude of primary a. Therefore, it

is necessary that the selecting circuits used for the triangles consisting of one composite and two fundamental primaries should not be controlled by the polarity of the mixed primary output. Since the light sources can never produce a negative output, the color match is unaifected by the negative signal except that the saturation of the resultant is slightly less than the original color. This can be reduced to within any desired tolerance by increasing the number and the saturation of the fundamentals used.

Fig. 4 illustrates partly in block schematic form and partly diagrammatically an illustrative arrangement of a disabling circuit 20 to select electrically the output of the particular color transformer that gives the best match, which the color to be matched falls within the figure whose vertices are the composite primaries or within triangles formed by one fundamental and two composite primaries. In accordance with the invention as is hereinbefore described, the color transformers each produce a ternary set of signals which is the colorimetric equivalent of the color being matched. However, the desired set is characterized by the fact that the three outputs associated therewith are all positive. The selecting circuit must automatically discriminate between the available sets by this characteristic. In the illustrative arrangement being described, a gating amplifier, with the gating control applied to the suppressor grid of a pentode tube, is inserted in each circuit associated with one of the three separate outputs of each color transformer. For the sake of illustration the ternary set Ia, Is and Iw associated with color transformer for triangle abw has been chosen. The gating amplifiers are shown as the pentodes VI I, VIZ, and VI3, whose control grids are supplied with signals Ia, Ib, and Iw, respectively. The pentodes VI I, VI2 and V13 are operated as gating amplifiers, in a manner well known to the art. Series rectifiers 2I 22, and 23, poled to pass only positive signals, are inserted in the input circuits of the three gating amplifiers VI I, VI2, and VI3, respectively. The input signals Ia, Ib and Iw are also supplied to amplifiers AI, A2 and A3, respectively. lhe rectifiers 24, 25, and 26 are inserted in the input circuits of AI, A2 and A3, respectively, and are poled to pass only negative signals. The amplifiers AI, A2 and A3 can be of any conventional design adapted to receive negative input signals. The outputs of the amplifiers Al, A2 and A3 are supplied to multivibrator MI M2 and M3, respectively. These multivibrators have one position of stability, and produce a sharp positive pulse when triggered by a negative input but return to a stable position immediately after the signal is removed. There are many arrangements known in the art for producing this desired effect. The multivibrators thereafter supply the input circuits of the isolating amplifiers VI 4, V I 5 and VI 6 which are pentodes operated for adding the outputs of the three multivibrators MI, M2 and M3 by means of a common load resistor R5 in the plate circuits. The negative control voltage which is developed at the common plate load R5 of tubes VI4, VI5 and VI6 is applied to the suppressor grid of each of the tubes VII, V12 and VI3 as a gating control.

The operation of this selecting circuit 2i! is as follows. For the first case, suppose that the color C1 shown in Fig. 2, whose coordinates lie within the color triangle abw is to be reproduced. Then, as is described hereinbefore, the outputs Ia, In and Iw of the color transformer associated therewith are all positive. Since rectifiers 24, 25, and 26 are poled to pass only negative signals, the control circuits comprising the amplifiers Al, A2 and A3 are inoperative, since :no signal is supplied thereto. Tubes VI I, VIZ, and VI3, in the absence of gating pulses on the suppressor grids thereof, function as conventional amplifiers to provide the output Ia, Ib', and Iw' which are utilized to actuate associated light sources.

However, for all colors outside the triangle abw, at least one of the outputs of the transformer associated therewith, is negative. For ex- .ample, for the color C2 which lies in the triangle I--2--a, the output Iw of the transformer associated with triangle ab-w will be negative, since a negative amount of primary wis necessary to make a color match. This negative signal Iw will be supplied through the rectifier 26 which is poled to pass negative signals to the amplifier A3 and the amplified output therefore, in turn, trips the multivibrator M3, which produces a positive step voltage therefrom which, after reversal by the amplifier VIE, is supplied as a negative gating pulse to the suppressor grids of each of the gating amplifiers VII, VI2, and VI3 and keeps each unresponsive to all input signals so long as the output Iw is negative. An arrangement of the kind described is associated with the outputs of each of the color transformers associated with triangles made up of two composite and the white primary, or two composite and a fundamental primary for selecting from colors included therein. The particular arrangement described is merely illustrative of the principles of the selecting means, one skilled in the art can easily devise others to achieve the desired disabling consistent with these principles.

Fig. 5 shows an arrangement 20A similar in principle to that described for Fig. 4, which is adapted to select the appropriate set for the color match for colors falling either within a triangle formed by one composite and two fundamental primaries or outside all of the triangles formed. For such colors, it is unnecessary that the selecting means be controlled by the composite primary output, as is described hereinbefore with reference to the colors C2 and C3 of Fig. 3. Therefore, it is only necessary that the gating be controlled by the two fundamental or numbered outputs. The particular arrangement illustrated is that associated with the triangle I-2-a. In principle, the operation is identical to that for the arrangement 29 shown in Fig. 4. In practice, only two control stages are necessary since the choice can be independent of the polarity of the composite primar output. Moreover, such an arrangement permits the optimum color match when the color to be reproduced is without all the triangles. An arrangement of this kind is combined with the ternary set of outputs of each color transformer associated with a triangle formed of one composite and two fundamental primaries illustrated in Fig. 3.

In this manner, all of the triangles formed in the illustration of Fig. 3 are associated with an appropriate disabling circuit, either of the kind shown in Fig. 4 or of that shown in Fig. 5. Since all the triangles are mutually exclusive, for any color there will be only one ternary set of color transformer outputs not disabled thereby.

Figs. 6(A-B) illustrate, in a skeletonized block schematic form, a multicolor receiver in accordance with the invention, for ten carvings of the radiance. distribution. The video amplifier II receives the transmitted'video signals and separates therefrom the ternary set of color signals Iii, IG, and I representing the color to be matched a d supp s h to c o t n rality of color transformers H0. There is a color transformer associated with each triangle formed, representing possible combinations of three primaries with which the color match is to be made. The primaries comprise both fundamentals of high saturation and composite primetrics of low saturation including the white. The selected arrangement of grouping of .primariejs in triangles has been described hereinbefore with reference to Fig. 3. Associated with the ternary set of outputs of each of these color transformers are psolamity sensitive selecting or disabling means. Suitable means therefore have been described with reference to Figs. 4 and 5. It is characteristic of this plurality of available color transformer outputs that the desired ternary set thereamong is the only one not rendered ineffective by its associated disabling circuit. The three separate outputs from each selecting circuit are supplied to corresponding adding circuits, an illustrative arrangement of which will be described with reference to Fig. 8. There is an adding circuit corresponding to eachof the available primariesand each adder is adapted to add the several outputs corresponding to its associated primary. The outputs of the adders associated with the composite primaries are, in turn, divided up in proportion to the amounts of fundamentals of which they are composed, and the various portions thereof are supplied to the adders of the corresponding fundamental s. For example, for a composite primaryiaof tlie kind described hereinbefore, the output of then adder would be divided into portions comprisingone part of fundamental I, 0.8 partkof fundamentals 2 and II), 0.6 part of fundamentals 3 and 9, 0.4 part offundamentals 4 and 8, and 0.2 part of fundamentals 5 and I; the respective portions are supplied to the corresponding :adders. Methods for dividing an output into a :series of portions bearing an assignedrelation- .ship are well known in the electrical art. There after, the output of each adder associated with :a fundamental primary is supplied to the control element of an associated light source whichis to supply the fundamental primary source. These .light sources can consist of kinescopes or cathrode-ray tubes adapted to transmit light of the :desiredcharacteristics by any of the methods known to the art, as, for example, by the use offilters.

With reference more specifically to Fig. 6, the wires 5|, 52, and 53 supply the ternary set of color signals In, IB, and Is to the color trans- :former IIU, corresponding to the triangle a-b--w. The wires SI, 82, and 83, supply the ternary set of output signals therefrom, Ia, Ib, and Iw, to the selecting circuit I20. Thereafter, the wires 84, 85, and 56 supply the outputs there- .from Ia, Ib', and Iw', to the a-adder I30, the badder I40, and the w-adder I50, respectively, and the outputs thereof are supplied to the adivider I35, b-divider I45, and w-divider I55, respectively. After division, the various outputs are supplied to the corresponding fundamental adders therefor. Other color transformer output connections follow the same general pattern.

The color coordinate transformations described hereinbefore, can be carried out only when the 7 three color signals corresponding to a signal color image are available simultaneously. The multicolor receivers of the present invention, there fore, can operate only from simultaneous color signals. If, for b'etter transmission performance, itis desirable to transmit color signals sequen tially, a conversion from sequential to simulta'n'e'ous signals must be carried out at the receiver unit.

Fig. 7 shows in block schematic form an illustrative arrangement 30 for converting sequential type signals into simultaneous signals for use with color coordinate transformers. Since in'a sequential system the signals for each of the three primaries are transmitted cyclically at successive times, an obvious expedient for obtaining simultaneous 's'ignalstherefrom is by introductiono'fdelay. This isthe technique used in the arrangement 30 where storing devices as, for xamme; storage tubes, are utilized to produce the necessary delay. A typical storage tube which canbe adapted for use herefor, is described in the R. C. A. Review, volume IX, page 112 (1948), Barrier Grid Storage Tube and Its Operation. The sequential signals, which for purposes of illustration will be described as composed of (A), (B), and (C) components, respectively, are suppliedfrom a source 3I, through the synchronizing separator 32 to three gating amplifiers 33, 34, and 35, associated with the (R), (G), and (B) output signalchannels, respectively. These supply corresponding storage devices 36, 31, and 38, respectively, which are described as storage tubes, for example,'thesynchronizing separator 32also furnishes necessary synchronizing pulses to the gating generator 39, the sequential synchronizing generator 40, and the simultaneous synchronizing generator All The gating generator 39 supplies-the necessary gating pulses 'to the gating amplifiers 33, 34, and 35so as to distribute the-(R), (G),and (B) component signals tdtheir'corresponding storage devices 36, 31 and 38, respectively. The sequential synchronizing generator .40 furnishes the storage recording sweep circuits .42 with synchronizing pulses to insure the proper synchronization of the recording cycle of.the.storage' process. Similarly the simultaneous synchronizing generator 4| drives the storage reading sweep circuits 43 to provide proper synchronization in the reading cycle, and

alsoprovides signalsto the storage reading beam blanking circuit which supplies blanking pulses to the reading beamsof the storage devices 36,31 and 38 .to insure the simultaneity of the reading. Each of the storage devices 36, 31, and 38 is'connected to its associated line amplifier 46, 41 and corresponding to the (R) ,(G), and (B) components, respectively. The synchronizing pulses for the simultaneous set are supplied to the (G) component in its associated amplifier 41 from the simultaneous synchronizing generator 4|. The three outputs of the amplifiers 46, 41 and 48 then represent simultaneous color signals which are facsimiles of the sequential signals after separation supplied from the source 3|, and are now adaptable for utilization by color coordinate transformers in the manner hereinbefore described in accordance with the invention.

If the storage devices are storage tubes and are perfect in the sense that there is no interaction between the recording and reading, the simultaneous reading may occupy the same time that is required to write all three color signals sequentially. This means that the simultaneous field rate can be one-third the sequential field taneous color signals are available for one-third of the time, and during the remaining two-thirds no color information is available. Other arrangements for transformation from the sequential to simultaneous signals which will be apparent to workers skilled in the art, can be utilized.

Fig. 8 shows diagrammatically a simple illustrative adding circuit of the kind shown in block schematic in the arrangement of Figs. 6' (A43) which can be utilized to add the several output corresponding to the same primary into a single signal for supplying the associated kinescope. The signals 11, I2 and Is to be added are supplied to the control grids of separate pentodes V28, V2 I, and V22 respectively, which are operated as conventional amplifiers. The outputs thereof are combined to form an output 14 by means of a load resistor R10 common to the plate circuits of tubes V20, V2 I, and V22. This arrangement is merely illustrative of the adding principle, additional refinements are necessary in a practical system.

It is to be understood that the above-described arrangements are illustrative of the principles of the invention. Numerous other arrangements can be devised by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

What is claimed is:

1. In a television receiver, means for receiving a ternary set of color signals representative of an object scene, a plurality exceeding three of light sources serving as fundamental primaries, means for combining in predetermined ratios light from at least two of said sources for forming a plurality of composite primaries, color coordinate transformers for transforming an input ternary set corresponding to an element of the object scene into a plurality of colorimetrically equivalent ternary sets, each of said equivalent sets controlling a different ternary combination of composite and fundamental primaries, electrical circuit means for selecting one from said ternary sets, and means utilizing said selected ternary set for actuating the sources controlled thereby.

2. In a television receiver, means for receiving an input ternary set of color signals representative of an object scene, a plurality exceeding three of light sources of fundamental primary colors, means for combining in predetermined ratios light from at least two of the sources of fundamental primary colors for forming composite primary colors, color coordinate transformers for transforming an input ternary set corresponding to an element of the object scene into a plurality of colorimetrically equivalent ternary sets, each of said equivalent sets controlling a dilferent ternary combination of composite and fundamental primary colors, polarity sensitive circuit means supplied with the plurality of color coordinate transformer outputs for selecting therefrom one ternary set, and means utilizing said selected ternary set for actuating the sources controlled thereby.

3. In a television receiver adapted for receiving a ternary set of television signals representative of the chromaticity of elements of a color scene, an input source of a ternary set of signals, a plurality exceeding three of light sources of fundamental primary colors, means for combining in predetermined ratios light from at least two of said sources for forming composite primary colors, color coordinate transformers for transforming an input ternary set of signals corresponding to an element of the object scene into a plurality of colorimetrically equivalent ternary sets, each of said equivalent sets controlling a different ternary combination of said composite and fundamental primary colors such that, when the chromaticities of the various composite and fundamental primary colors are plotted on a chromaticity diagram, the figure having as vertices the chromaticities of the fundamental primary colors is divided into a plurality of triangles, each triangle having as vertices the chromaticities of the composite and fundamental primary colors which form the different ternary combinations, polarity sensitive electrical circuits for selecting the ternary set corresponding to the ternary combination of colors whose chromaticities form the vertices of a triangle which includes the chromaticity of the element of the object scene to be reproduced, and means for utilizing the selected ternary set for actuating the sources controlled thereby.

WILLIAM T. WINTRINGHAM.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,415,051 Thompson Jan. 28, 1947 2,434,561 Hardy Jan. 13, 1948 2,492,826 Valensi Dec- 27, 1949 

